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🌳 The Best (and Worst) Trees for Calgary Yards

Planting the right trees in your Calgary yard can enhance your property’s beauty, boost curb appeal, and even increase your home’s value. But not all trees thrive in our unique prairie climate, and some can cause long-term headaches.


🌟 Best Trees for Calgary Yards

Calgary’s climate — with cold winters, dry air, and sudden weather changes — demands tough, adaptable trees. These species are tried, tested, and true performers for Calgary homeowners:

1. Amur Maple (Acer ginnala)

  • Highlights: Brilliant fall colors, compact size, and extreme cold hardiness.

  • Bonus: Can be shaped as a small tree or large shrub.

2. Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)

  • Highlights: Majestic and incredibly long-lived, withstanding drought, wind, and extreme cold.

  • Bonus: Low maintenance once established.

3. Brandon Elm (Ulmus americana 'Brandon')

  • Highlights: Upright, vase-shaped tree that’s resistant to Dutch Elm Disease.

  • Bonus: Great for lining streets or creating shade.

4. Swedish Columnar Aspen (Populus tremula 'Erecta')

  • Highlights: Narrow growth habit makes it perfect for small yards.

  • Bonus: Provides fast privacy screening (but requires careful placement to manage roots).

5. Colorado Spruce (Picea pungens)

  • Highlights: Stunning blue-green needles and excellent year-round privacy.

  • Bonus: Hardy against wind and snow.

6. Spring Snow Crabapple (Malus 'Spring Snow')

  • Highlights: Gorgeous white blooms in spring — and it's fruitless (no mess!).

  • Bonus: Compact, ornamental beauty.

🌲 Cedars Suitable for Calgary (yes, many successfully grow cedar trees in Calgary)

1. Brandon Cedar (Thuja occidentalis 'Brandon')
This columnar evergreen is well-suited to Calgary's Zone 3 climate. It grows approximately 1 foot per year, reaching up to 15 feet tall and 6 feet wide. Brandon Cedar retains its vibrant green foliage year-round and is ideal for privacy screens or vertical accents in urban gardens. It prefers well-drained, moist soil and partial shade. ​

2. Techny Cedar (Thuja occidentalis 'Techny')
Another hardy option, Techny Cedar is known for its dense, dark green foliage and pyramidal shape. It can withstand Calgary's cold winters and is often used for hedging or as a windbreak. Like Brandon Cedar, it thrives in well-drained, moist soils. ​

⚠️ Considerations for Planting Cedars in Calgary

  • Soil Conditions: Cedars prefer organic, rich soils that are well-drained. Avoid planting them in sandy or overly dry soils, as well as in overly moist clay soils. ​

  • Watering: Newly planted cedars require regular watering to establish their root systems. Once established, they are more drought-tolerant but still benefit from consistent moisture.​

  • Sun Exposure: While cedars can tolerate partial shade, they perform best with ample sunlight, which promotes dense foliage growth.​

  • Winter Protection: Calgary's cold, dry winters can be harsh on cedars. Applying mulch around the base can help retain soil moisture and protect roots from temperature fluctuations.

⚠️ Deer love to munch on young cedar trees – we found this out.

 


🚫 Trees You Should Never Plant in Calgary Yards

Certain species might seem appealing at first but cause serious issues down the road due to Calgary’s tough climate and soil conditions. Here’s what to avoid:

1. Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila)

  • Why Avoid It:
    Fast-growing but incredibly messy, the Siberian Elm drops seeds prolifically and tends to develop weak, brittle branches. It’s also highly invasive and can quickly overtake native plants.

  • Problem: Branch breakage, poor aesthetics, and aggressive spreading.


2. Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)

  • Why Avoid It:
    While they grow quickly and provide lots of shade, silver maples have shallow, aggressive roots that can crack sidewalks, driveways, and foundations. They're also highly susceptible to storm damage.

  • Problem: Root damage and weak wood.


3. Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo)

  • Why Avoid It:
    Often called "box elder," this tree grows fast but poorly. It's prone to disease, pest infestations, and has short-lived, brittle wood. It is considered a nuisance species by many landscapers.

  • Problem: Weak structure, pest magnet.


4. Poplar Trees (Various species)

  • Why Avoid It:
    Poplars, including cottonwoods and aspens, grow rapidly but have extremely invasive roots that search aggressively for water—often breaking into pipes and septic systems.

  • Problem: Destructive root systems, short lifespan, messy seed production.


5. Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)

  • Why Avoid It:
    Although drought-tolerant, the Russian Olive is now considered an invasive species in Alberta. It outcompetes native plants, depletes soil quality, and offers poor wildlife habitat.

  • Problem: Ecological disruption and low aesthetic value over time.


6. Willow Trees (Salix species)

  • Why Avoid It:
    Beautiful by water, disastrous in a suburban yard. Willows have aggressive roots that can clog drains, damage sidewalks, and seek out any source of water.

  • Problem: Root intrusion, high water demand.


🌱 Key Tips for Tree Success in Calgary

  • Choose hardy, drought-tolerant species.

  • Plant in spring or early fall for best establishment.

  • Water deeply but infrequently to encourage strong root systems.

  • Mulch around the base (but not against the trunk) to retain moisture.

  • Prune properly to promote healthy growth.


🌳

Choosing the right trees will set your yard up for decades of beauty, shade, and environmental benefits. Avoid common problem species, and you'll save yourself time, money, and frustration.

 Fruit trees that do well in Calgary’s climate (Zone 3/4) — hardy enough to survive the cold winters, late frosts, and short growing seasons:

 🍏 Apple Trees

  • Hardy Varieties:

    • Prairie Magic

    • Battleford

    • Norkent

    • Rescue Crabapple

  • Notes: Many apples need two different varieties nearby for good pollination and fruit set.

  • Tip: Crabapples (especially Rescue) are excellent pollinators for many apple trees.


🍐 Pear Trees

  • Hardy Varieties:

    • Ure Pear

    • Early Gold Pear

  • Notes: Pears require a second tree for pollination.

  • Tip: Pear trees may need a protected sunny spot to ripen fully in Calgary.


🍒 Cherry Trees

  • Hardy Varieties:

    • Carmine Jewel (dwarf sour cherry)

    • Juliet, Romeo, Cupid (U of Saskatchewan Romance Series)

  • Notes: These are sour cherries — delicious for baking, fresh eating, and jam!


🍑 Plum Trees

  • Hardy Varieties:

    • Brookgold

    • Pembina

    • Opata

  • Notes: Most plums require cross-pollination.

  • Tip: Plant two different but compatible varieties to ensure good fruiting.


🍑 Apricot Trees (Caution)

  • Varieties:

    • Mandan

    • Scout

  • Notes: Apricots are risky — they bloom early and flowers often get killed by late spring frosts. If you want to try, plant them in a protected, south-facing spot.


🍇 Bonus: Other Fruit for Calgary

  • Haskaps (Honeyberries): Early ripening, hardy to Zone 2, super easy to grow.

  • Saskatoon Berries: Native, very hardy, delicious fresh or in baking.

  • Raspberries: Boyne and Red Mammoth are reliable.

  • Goji berries 

  • Currants and Gooseberries: Cold-hardy and perfect for small spaces.


🌿 Tips for Fruit Tree Success in Calgary

  • Choose varieties specifically bred for prairie climates.

  • Plant in full sun, with shelter from harsh winds.

  • Water deeply during dry spells — fruit trees need moisture to set and grow fruit.

  • Use mulch around the base to conserve water and insulate roots.

  • Prune in late winter to maintain healthy shape and air circulation.

 

 

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🐾 How to Create a Pet-Friendly Backyard (Even If You Don't Own a Pet)

A pet-friendly backyard isn't just a luxury for dog owners — it's a smart, practical investment for any homeowner. Whether you have a furry friend now or may in the future, designing a pet-safe and welcoming space boosts your home's value, ensures safety, and creates an outdoor retreat everyone can enjoy.

🌟 Why Create a Pet-Friendly Backyard?

  • Future Buyers Love It: Nearly 70% of households have pets. A pet-friendly backyard is a major selling point that can set your home apart.

  • Durable, Smart Landscaping: Designing with pets in mind naturally leads to stronger, low-maintenance yards.

  • Safer for Everyone: Even if you don’t own a pet, visitors, friends, or neighbors might. A safe, welcoming backyard ensures everyone enjoys the space — paws and all.

🛠️ How to Create a Pet-Friendly Backyard

1. Secure Fencing: Safety First

A sturdy, escape-proof fence is your first priority.

  • Height: At least 6 feet tall for larger breeds.

  • Materials: Choose durable options like wood, vinyl, or chain-link.

  • Maintenance: Regularly inspect for gaps, weak spots, or areas small pets could squeeze through.

  • Double-Gates: If possible, install a double-entry system to reduce escape risks.

2. Shaded Retreats: Protection from the Elements

Pets can overheat quickly in the sun, so offer plenty of shade.

  • Natural Shade: Plant trees or large shrubs.

  • Artificial Shade: Install pergolas, shade sails, or awnings.

  • Dog Houses or Covered Shelters: Provide cozy, shaded spaces for cooling off.

3. Water Station: Hydration is Key

Keeping pets hydrated is essential for health and comfort.

  • Always Fresh Water: Provide a bowl or self-refilling water station.

  • Pet Fountains: Install a pet water fountain for a continuous supply of cool, fresh water.

  • Splash Zones: Consider a shallow splash pad or kiddie pool for hot days.

4. Safe Plants and Landscaping: Beauty Without Danger

Not all plants are pet-friendly — some are toxic if ingested.

  • Avoid Toxic Plants: Such as lilies, oleander, azaleas, and foxglove.

  • Pet-Safe Choices: Plant marigolds, sunflowers, zinnias, snapdragons, and rosemary.

  • Ground Cover: Use pet-safe mulch like pine or cedar. Avoid cocoa mulch (it’s toxic to dogs).

5. Dog-Friendly Features: Fun and Stimulation

Pets need mental and physical activity to stay happy and healthy.

  • Agility Course: Tunnels, ramps, hurdles, and weave poles for playful dogs.

  • Digging Zones: Set up a sandbox or designated digging spot so they won't tear up your lawn.

  • Toy Storage: Keep outdoor toys like balls and ropes in a dedicated container.

6. Durable, Pet-Safe Surfaces

Choose surfaces that withstand running paws and occasional digging.

  • Artificial Pet Turf: Easy to clean and built with drainage in mind.

  • Gravel or Pavers: Use pea gravel or stone pavers for pathways and open areas.

  • Soft Grass Areas: Great for lounging and play.

7. Comfortable Resting Areas

After all the play, pets need a cozy place to relax.

  • Outdoor Beds: Invest in waterproof, outdoor-rated dog beds.

  • Soft Surfaces: Use grassy patches or outdoor rugs for extra comfort.

8. Lighting: Evening Adventures

Don't let the fun end at sunset.

  • Solar Lights: Line pathways and play areas.

  • Motion-Sensor Lights: Help monitor pets and deter unwanted wildlife at night.

9. Secure and Easy Access

Design smart pathways and gates for safe movement around the yard.

  • Non-Slip Pathways: Gravel, brick, or textured pavers.

  • Self-Closing Gates: Prevent accidental escapes.

10. Pest Control: Keep the Yard Safe

Fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes are more than a nuisance — they’re a health hazard.

  • Pet-Safe Treatments: Choose organic, non-toxic options.

  • Natural Repellents: Marigolds and lavender help keep mosquitoes away.

  • Yard Maintenance: Keep grass trimmed, remove standing water, and tidy up debris.

11. Avoid Harmful Chemicals

Many common fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides are dangerous for pets.

  • Use Non-Toxic Lawn Products: Choose organic or pet-safe brands.

  • Manual Weeding: Pull weeds by hand whenever possible.

  • Hire Professionals: Partner with companies like Lush Lawns that use organic processes for lawn care.

12. Regular Maintenance: Keep It Clean

A clean backyard isn’t just more enjoyable — it’s healthier too.

  • Poop Patrol: Scoop regularly to prevent mess and maintain hygiene.

  • Lawn Upkeep: Trim grass, rake leaves, and keep play areas neat.

🎉

Creating a pet-friendly backyard is about more than pampering our pets — it’s about building a durable, safe, and beautiful outdoor space that everyone can enjoy. Even if you don't have a pet today, thoughtful backyard design protects your investment and makes your home more inviting for future opportunities.

Whether it's wagging tails, lazy cat naps, or happy outdoor gatherings, a pet-friendly backyard creates memories that last a lifetime! 🐶🌿

 

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Deck Maintenance Tips: Extend the Lifespan of Your Deck

Your deck is more than just an outdoor space — it’s where memories are made, from summer barbecues to quiet morning coffees. But like any part of your home, it needs proper care to stay safe, beautiful, and long-lasting. With a little regular attention, you can extend the lifespan of your deck and protect your investment for years to come.

Here’s your go-to guide for keeping your deck in top condition:

Deck Maintenance

🧹 1. Clean Your Deck Regularly

Routine cleaning is the first line of defense in preventing mold, mildew, and rot.

  • Sweep debris like leaves, branches, and dirt off your deck weekly.

  • Wash your deck at least once a year with a garden hose or a pressure washer on a low setting. Avoid high pressure, which can damage wood fibers.

  • Use a deck cleaner for stubborn stains or algae. Choose a cleaner that matches your deck material (wood, composite, etc.) for the best results.

  • Avoid bleach, which can damage wood and plants nearby.

Deck Maintenance

🔍 2. Inspect for Damage

Regular inspections help you catch small issues before they become costly repairs.

  • Check for soft spots, rot, and warping, especially in areas that collect moisture.

  • Look under the deck for signs of insect damage or water pooling near posts.

  • Examine railings and stairs for wobbling or loose parts.

  • Replace cracked, split, or rotting boards promptly to maintain safety and appearance.

Deck Maintenance

🧴 3. Seal or Stain Every 2–3 Years (or replace with a low maintenance dura-deck)

Protect your deck from moisture and UV damage with a high-quality stain or sealant.

  • Clear sealers show off the natural grain but need to be reapplied more frequently.

  • Semi-transparent stains offer color and UV protection while still revealing the wood's texture.

  • Solid stains offer the most UV protection and are good for older decks with uneven coloring.

Apply stain or sealer during dry weather when temperatures are between 10°C and 30°C (50°F–85°F) and no rain is expected for at least 24 hours.

Deck Maintenance

🔩 4. Check and Maintain Hardware

Loose or corroded fasteners can lead to structural issues or injuries.

  • Tighten loose screws, bolts, and brackets with a wrench or screwdriver.

  • Replace rusted or corroded hardware, especially in humid or coastal environments.

  • Use galvanized or stainless-steel fasteners for long-lasting durability.

Safety check: Make sure your railing height and spacing meet local building codes.

Deck Maintenance

🌿 5. Trim Foliage Around Your Deck

Overgrown trees and shrubs can trap moisture, drop debris, and invite pests.

  • Keep plants trimmed back at least 12 inches from the deck surface.

  • Avoid climbing vines on or around your deck structure — they can cause wood to rot and harbor insects.

  • Ensure sunlight and airflow reach all parts of the deck to promote drying.

Deck Maintenance

🪴 6. Move Furniture and Planters Often

Stationary items can trap moisture and stain your deck over time.

  • Rotate furniture and planters to avoid discoloration or mildew buildup.

  • Place planters on risers, trivets, or small blocks to prevent moisture from pooling beneath them.

  • Consider felt or rubber pads under furniture legs to avoid scratches and dents.


🔧 7. Don't Forget the Underside

If your deck is elevated, the underside needs attention too.

  • Keep it clear of debris and weeds.

  • Inspect support beams and footings for rot, cracking, or signs of insect damage.

  • Consider enclosing the underside with lattice or skirting for protection and aesthetics — just make sure there’s still airflow!

Deck Maintenance

Deck maintenance might not be the most glamorous weekend project, but a few hours of care a couple of times a year can save you thousands in repairs or replacement. Whether you're preserving the rich look of natural wood or keeping your composite boards in top shape, regular upkeep ensures your deck stays safe, sturdy, and beautiful for many seasons to come.

 

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Boost Your Home's Value with Curb Appeal: Tips for Every Budget

Great curb appeal adds undeniable value to your home — whether you’re ready to sell or planning to stay for years to come. A tidy, well-kept home exterior doesn’t just make your property shine — it elevates the whole neighborhood. When homes on your street look great and sell for higher prices, your home's value can increase too. Whether you're prepping to sell or simply want a home that makes you smile every time you pull into the driveway, these curb appeal tips — ranging from budget-friendly to splurge-worthy — can make a big impact.


🌿 Start with Landscaping

Your yard is one of the first things people notice.

  • Keep the lawn green and healthy: Water regularly, weed thoroughly, and mow for a clean, finished look.

  • Say goodbye to dandelions, brown patches and bare dirt patches.

  • Trim shrubs and plant colorful flowers.

  • Low-maintenance options: Consider drought-resistant gardens or artificial turf—upfront costs can be higher, but the long-term payoff is worth it.


🚧 Clean and Repair Driveways & Walkways

Don’t let cracks or stains steal the spotlight.

  • Weed-free is a must. Get out the vinegar and spray anything growing from the concrete. Pull it out and tidy that up.

  • Repair or resurface sagging concrete, especially near your garage—buyers see this as a costly red flag.

  • Companies can often lift and level concrete rather than replacing the whole thing.


🚪 Make Your Front Door Pop

Your front door should feel like a warm welcome.

  • Check hinges, locks, and latches.

  • Clean, paint, or replace the door if needed.

  • A bold color adds character, while clean hardware (or new hardware!) gives a modern refresh.

  • Fix or replace torn screens to keep things crisp.


🪴 Style Your Porch or Landing

Less is more, do not clutter the front space — but make it inviting.

  • Add potted plants, a simple bench, or a pillow-topped chair.

  • Artificial greenery works wonders with zero maintenance.

  • And yes, clean everything — grime-free surfaces make a huge difference.


💡 Update Lighting & Hardware

Lighting is both functional and decorative.

  • Replace outdated fixtures with modern ones.

  • Match your door handle, mailbox, and house numbers for a cohesive look.

  • Even a fresh coat of spray paint on existing fixtures can go a long way.


🪟 Show Some Window Love

Windows can make or break your home's exterior vibe.

  • Wash inside and out.

  • Make sure sills and screens are clean and in good shape.

  • Avoid mismatched or makeshift window coverings (no flags or sheets).

  • Add window boxes for charm — or use shutters to give visual structure and color.

Pro tip: If garage windows show clutter inside, use privacy film or reflective film for a sleek, clean look.


🧼 Clean & Repair the Exterior

  • Pressure wash siding and brick.

  • Patch or repaint where needed — neutral tones keep things buyer-friendly.

  • Replace warped or damaged vinyl siding if necessary.


🚗 Garage Doors Matter More Than You Think

  • Replace if the style is outdated or the door is damaged.

  • If it still works well: clean, paint, and oil it.

  • Hide the clutter inside with privacy film or paint on glass panels.

  • Match the door style to your home’s design.


🪵 Fence & Roof Check

  • Clean and repaint fences as needed.

  • Replace rotting boards and tighten loose posts.

  • Roof in disrepair? Peeling shingles or mismatched gutters can scare off buyers. Time for a refresh.

  • Do a full check on the downspouts and eves, replace any drooping or damaged parts.


🔢 Don’t Forget the Details

  • House numbers, doorbells, and mailboxes can all be easily updated for a modern, clean look.

  • Find custom or designer options online to personalize your home’s face.


Creating great curb appeal doesn’t require a full renovation. Even small, consistent updates can transform your exterior and boost your home’s value. Most importantly, clean and tidy. Whether you're preparing to list or just want a space that makes you proud, these ideas will make your home shine — today and for years to come.

It is better to maintain than have to repair. Protect your investment.


 

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Finished Basement vs. Unfinished Basement: Which One is Right for You?

When searching for a home in Calgary, one important factor to consider is whether you prefer a finished or unfinished basement. Both options have their advantages, depending on your lifestyle, budget, and long-term goals.

What is a Finished Basement?

A finished basement is fully developed with completed flooring, walls, ceilings, and sometimes even additional living spaces such as bedrooms, bathrooms, or recreational areas. These basements offer extra square footage that can be used immediately, increasing both comfort and functionality in a home.

What is a Partially Finished Basement?

A partially finished basement refers to a basement space where some construction or finishing work has been completed, but it's not fully developed into a livable area. For example, it might have drywall on the walls, electrical wiring, or flooring installed in some sections, but still lack ceiling finishes, flooring in other areas, or completed plumbing for a bathroom. It offers potential for customization and is often seen as a value-add opportunity for homeowners – depending on the quality of workmanship and pulled permits.

Pros of a Finished Basement

  1. Additional Living Space – A finished basement can serve as a family room, home office, guest suite, or entertainment area.

  2. Increased Home Value – Finished basements often add value to a home, making it more appealing to potential buyers.

  3. Move-In Ready – If you need the extra space right away, a finished basement saves you the time and cost of renovations.

  4. Potential Rental Income – A legally suited basement with proper zoning and permits can generate rental income, helping to offset mortgage costs.

Cons of a Finished Basement

  1. Higher Purchase Price – Homes with finished basements tend to be priced higher due to the added functionality and features and additional costs that went into finishing the basement.

  2. Less Customization – If the basement is already developed, changes can be costly if it doesn’t meet your specific needs.

  3. Maintenance Costs – More finished areas mean more potential repairs, such as flooring replacements, drywall fixes, or plumbing maintenance.

  4. Poor workmanship, no permits, not functional – these can cost more to un-do and start over.

 

The value of a finished basement is influenced by several key factors:

  1. Quality of Workmanship – High-quality finishes, such as drywall, flooring, lighting, and plumbing, can significantly boost value, especially if the space is on par with the rest of the home.

  2. Functionality and Layout – A basement with useful features like a bedroom, bathroom, home office, gym, or entertainment area is more valuable than one that’s just an open space.

  3. Compliance with Building Codes – Permits and code-compliant construction (e.g., proper egress windows in bedrooms) reassure buyers and appraisers, increasing the value.

  4. Size and Ceiling Height – A spacious basement with a standard or high ceiling feels more livable and adds greater value than cramped or low-ceilinged spaces.

  5. Natural Light and Ventilation – The more natural light and fresh air a basement can get, the more inviting and valuable it becomes.

  6. Heating and Insulation – Properly heated and insulated basements are more comfortable and energy-efficient, contributing to the overall home value.

  7. Separate Entry or Suite Potential – A basement with a separate entrance or suite-ready layout (for rental or multi-generational living) adds significant resale and rental value.

 

What is an Unfinished Basement?

An unfinished basement is essentially a blank canvas - an open space with exposed concrete flooring and walls, no ceiling finish, and basic utility hookups. While it may not be immediately usable as living space, it offers flexibility for homeowners who want to customize it over time.

Pros of an Unfinished Basement

  1. Lower Purchase Price – Homes with unfinished basements generally cost less, making them a more affordable option.

  2. Customization Potential – You have the freedom to design and finish the basement according to your needs and style. Be sure that you keep re-sale value in mind.

  3. Less Immediate Maintenance – Since there are no finished materials, concerns like carpet wear or drywall damage aren’t an issue.

  4. Great for Storage – If you don’t need extra living space, an unfinished basement provides excellent storage without the worry of damaging finished surfaces.

Cons of an Unfinished Basement

  1. Limited Functionality – Without finishing, the basement may not be suitable for everyday use beyond storage or utility purposes.

  2. Future Renovation Costs – If you decide to finish the basement later, the expense can be significant depending on the design and materials.

  3. Energy Efficiency – Unfinished basements may be less insulated, leading to higher heating costs in Calgary’s cold winters.

Which One is Right for You?

Your choice between a finished or unfinished basement depends on your budget, lifestyle, and long-term plans. If you need the extra space immediately and prefer a move-in-ready option, a finished basement may be ideal. However, if you enjoy customization and want to save on the initial home price, an unfinished basement offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative.

Whether you’re buying or selling in Calgary, understanding the benefits of both basement types can help you make an informed decision. If you need expert advice or are looking for homes that fit your specific needs, feel free to reach out to a local Calgary real estate professional (that’s ME)!

 

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Moving to Calgary: Things to Know About Living in Calgary

Calgary, often known as "Cowtown," is one of Canada’s most dynamic and rapidly growing cities. With its stunning natural beauty, strong economy, and high quality of life, it’s no surprise that many people are considering moving to Calgary. Whether you’re relocating for work, lifestyle, or family, here’s everything you need to know about living in this vibrant city.

1. The Economy and Job Market

Calgary is home to one of the strongest economies in Canada, largely due to its energy sector. The city has traditionally been a hub for oil and gas, but in recent years, it has diversified into technology, health sciences, and renewable energy. Major companies and startups alike are creating new opportunities in fintech, software development, and artificial intelligence. Additionally, Calgary has a thriving agricultural industry and a growing manufacturing sector. The job market is competitive but offers great opportunities for professionals across multiple industries. The city's lower business taxes and entrepreneurial culture make it an attractive destination for business owners and job seekers alike.

2. Cost of Living

Compared to other major Canadian cities like Vancouver and Toronto, Calgary offers a more affordable cost of living. Housing prices, while rising, remain relatively reasonable, with options ranging from modern downtown condos to spacious suburban homes. Rent is also more affordable compared to larger metropolitan areas. Additionally, there is no provincial sales tax in Alberta, making everyday expenses slightly lower. Utility costs can vary depending on the season, with heating costs increasing in winter. Dining out, groceries, and entertainment are generally more affordable, making Calgary an attractive choice for families and professionals looking for financial stability.

3. Weather and Climate

Calgary experiences a wide range of weather conditions, from snowy winters to warm, dry summers. One of its unique features is the Chinook winds, which can bring sudden temperature increases during winter, offering a welcome break from the cold. Winters can be harsh, with temperatures dropping well below freezing, but the city is well-equipped to handle snow and ice. Summers are pleasant, with plenty of sunshine and comfortable temperatures. The dry climate means fewer mosquitoes compared to other parts of Canada, making outdoor activities more enjoyable year-round (we love this about Calgary).

Calgary is known as one of Canada's sunniest cities, averaging around 333 sunny days annually and 2,396 hours of bright sunshine per year, significantly outshining other major Canadian cities like Vancouver and Toronto. We love the blue skies all year round!

Take note: the City of Calgary does not plow sidewalks, shoveling the snow from your sidewalk within 24 hours of a snow fall is your responsibility.

4. Outdoor Lifestyle and Recreation

With its proximity to the Rocky Mountains, Calgary is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. Whether you enjoy hiking, skiing, golfing, camping or cycling, there are plenty of opportunities to explore nature. Banff National Park is just a short drive away, offering breathtaking scenery and year-round recreational activities. The city itself also has an extensive pathway system (many snow cleared in the winter), perfect for walking, jogging, and biking. Fish Creek Provincial Park , Nose Hill Park, and Bowness Park provide large green spaces within the city for nature lovers. Parks of Calgary, golf courses, community sports leagues, and skating rinks ensure there’s something for everyone to stay active. 

Whether you're a seasoned athlete or just looking to have fun and stay active Calgary Sport and Social Club offers a vibrant community and a diverse range of sports leagues tailored for everyone - over 25 different sports.

Mini Golf and Par 3 courses for beginners, seniors, kids, anyone looking for a shorter course. Calgary and area are home to many beautiful public and private golf courses.

Cross-Country Skiing in and around Calgary. There are many Xcountry Skiing trails in and around Calgary. South Glenmore Park and Bowness park are maintained by the City of Calgary parks department.

Outdoor Skating (ODR) in Calgary. The city of Calgary has several skating locations that are nicely maintained for leisure skating. 2020 brought two skating trails as a trial (at Bowness and North Glenmore Park).  In addition to these parks, most communities in Calgary maintain an outdoor skating rink. Many have both a rink with boards as well as a small leisure skate area. Outdoor rinks may open or close on short notice, it is best to check current ice status before you head out.

5. Public Transportation and Traffic

Calgary’s public transportation system includes buses and the C-Train, a light rail transit system that makes commuting easier. The C-Train is particularly useful for downtown workers, with free transit available within the downtown core. While the city is car-friendly with well-maintained roads, traffic congestion can be an issue during rush hours. Calgary is also making efforts to expand bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. Ride-sharing services, car rentals, and a growing electric vehicle charging network offer alternative transportation options. 

Calgary International Airport (YYC) offers domestic and international flights. With easy access to downtown Calgary via major highways and public transit.

6. Cultural Scene and Entertainment

Calgary is known for its vibrant arts and cultural scene, hosting events like the Calgary Stampede, one of the largest rodeos in the world. The city boasts world-class museums, including the Glenbow Museum, which showcases Canadian history and art. Theatre lovers can enjoy performances at Theatre Calgary and Alberta Theatre Projects, while music enthusiasts can explore live performances at the National Music Centre. The city’s food scene is diverse, offering everything from high-end restaurants to international street food. Festivals such as Sled Island, Global Fest, and Folk Fest provide year-round entertainment for residents and visitors.

7. Education and Schools

For families moving to Calgary, the city offers a variety of educational options, including public, private, and charter schools. The Calgary Board of Education (CBE) and Calgary Catholic School District (CCSD) oversee a large network of schools, providing quality education at all levels. Calgary is also home to several reputable post-secondary institutions, including the University of Calgary, Mount Royal University, St. Mary’s and SAIT Polytechnic. These institutions offer a range of academic programs, research opportunities, and career training to prepare students for future employment.

8. Neighborhoods and Housing

Calgary has diverse neighborhoods to suit different lifestyles and budgets. Whether you prefer the urban energy of downtown, the family-friendly suburbs, or the scenic views of communities near the Bow River, there’s a perfect place for everyone. Areas like Kensington and Mission offer vibrant cultural hubs downtown with boutique shops and cafes, while other communities cater to those looking for luxury living. Most communities offer affordable  options for families. With ongoing developments, Calgary continues to grow, offering housing solutions for every need. 

Calgary & area has several communities with lakes that provide year round activities - including swimming!  Fun activities all year round include; swimming, non-motorized boating, fishing, ice-fishing, skating, many include tennis courts, beach volleyball, tobogganing. Several have large club houses that provide programs and activities for the community. 

Small towns around Calgary offer a beautiful escape from the bustling city life while maintaining convenient access to urban amenities. These charming communities, such as Bragg Creek, Priddis, and De Winton, provide a close-knit, friendly atmosphere where residents often experience the warmth of small-town living—where “everybody knows your name.” Residents can enjoy the peaceful ambiance and scenic beauty of the foothills and surrounding landscapes, along with local shops and services that cater to everyday needs. These towns combine the comfort of a tight-knit community with the advantage of being just a short drive from Calgary’s vibrant city life, making them ideal for those seeking tranquility without sacrificing convenience.

9. Safety and Healthcare

Calgary is considered one of the safest cities in Canada, with low crime rates and excellent healthcare services. The city has several top-rated hospitals, including Foothills Medical Centre and Rockyview General Hospital, ensuring access to quality healthcare. Alberta Health Services (AHS) operates various clinics and emergency care facilities throughout the city. In addition, private healthcare options and specialist clinics cater to specific medical needs. Residents also benefit from community policing programs and a strong emergency response system, enhancing overall safety. 

10. Community and Lifestyle

Calgary is known for its friendly and welcoming atmosphere. With a strong sense of community and numerous volunteer opportunities, newcomers can quickly feel at home and get involved in local activities. The city has a vibrant mix of cultures, with various cultural associations and festivals celebrating diversity. Whether you enjoy networking events, fitness clubs, or charity initiatives, Calgary offers numerous ways to engage with others and build meaningful connections.

Moving to Calgary offers a wealth of opportunities, from career growth to an active outdoor lifestyle. Whether you're drawn by the economy, the beautiful surroundings, or the high quality of life, Calgary has something for everyone. By understanding these key aspects of living in Calgary, you can make a smooth and successful transition to your new home. With its combination of urban convenience and natural beauty, Calgary continues to attract individuals and families looking for a fresh start in one of Canada’s most promising cities.

Our family loves Calgary and all that it has to offer. If you're looking for the perfect Calgary home, give me a shout 403-585-5362. I’d love to talk about how we can help you find your dream home in or around Calgary.

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MARCH 2025 CALGARY AND REGION REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORTS

📈 Inventory has doubled compared to this time last year, bringing us into a more balanced market.
There is more to choose from, but the good ones are still going quickly.

✏️Data sourced from Calgary Real Estate Board.

Any questions about real estate, give me a call
📱403-585-5362

March 2025 CREB Calgary Real Estate Full Report

March 2025 CREB Calgary REGION Real Estate Full Report

#calgaryrealestatemarket
#calgaryrealestate
#calgaryhomes
#housing

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Real Property Reports in Calgary: What Homeowners and Buyers Need to Know

When you sell your property, you will be required to provide a current Real Property Report with the City of Calgary compliance stamp to your lawyer on or before possession day. This document will be forwarded to the buyer’s lawyer and must reflect the current state of the property and all permanent structures on it.

What is a Real Property Report (RPR)?

A Real Property Report (RPR) is a legal document prepared by a registered Alberta land surveyor. It provides a detailed, scaled drawing of a property, showing:

  • Property boundaries

  • Structures and buildings on the lot (e.g., house, garage, shed)

  • Easements and utility rights-of-way

  • Encroachments (structures that extend beyond property lines)

  • Improvements such as decks, fences, and driveways

The RPR ensures that all permanent structures on the land comply with municipal bylaws and property regulations.

Why is an RPR Important When Selling a Home?

In Calgary, sellers (single family homes, semi-detached homes, townhomes, bare land condos) are required to provide a current RPR with municipal compliance before closing a sale. Here’s why it matters:

  1. Confirms Legal Boundaries – Buyers need assurance that the property they are purchasing aligns with the legal land description.

  2. Ensures Compliance with City Bylaws – The City of Calgary reviews RPRs to ensure structures meet setback requirements, zoning regulations, and permit approvals.

  3. Prevents Delays in the Sale – An outdated or missing RPR can delay closing and cause last-minute legal complications with financial implications.

  4. Protects Both Buyer and Seller – An RPR helps resolve disputes over fences, sheds, or encroachments before the transaction is finalized.

How to Get an RPR in Calgary

If you don’t have an existing RPR, you’ll need to hire a licensed Alberta land surveyor to create one. The process includes:

  1. Surveying the Property – A professional will measure boundaries and structures.

  2. Creating the Report – The surveyor prepares the official document with all necessary details.

  3. Submitting for Compliance – The RPR must be reviewed and stamped by the City of Calgary to confirm that it complies with municipal regulations.

In Calgary, a Real Property Report (RPR) typically costs between $500 and $950 for a single-family detached home, with costs varying based on property size, complexity, and whether it's a new report or an update to an existing RPR. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

  • New RPR: Expect to pay approximately $500 to $950 for a new RPR for a single-family detached home. 

  • RPR Update: If you have an existing RPR and need an update, costs can be lower, but it depends on the changes since the original report. 

  • Factors Affecting Cost:

    • Property Size and Complexity: Larger lots and more complex properties will likely cost more. 

    • Surveyor: Costs can vary depending on the land surveyor you choose. 

    • Rush Service: Some companies offer expedited services for an additional fee. 

    • City of Calgary Compliance Stamp: The City of Calgary compliance stamp costs $189. 

What If Your RPR is Outdated?

If you’ve made any changes to your property, such as adding a new deck, fence, A/C, garage, or shed, your old RPR will no longer be valid. In this case, you will need an updated RPR to reflect these changes.

Be aware that if you made a change such as a new deck, the City of Calgary will look at the entire property report and apply updated bylaws.

Common RPR Issues & How to Fix Them

Sometimes, an RPR reveals problems that could delay a sale, such as:

  • Encroachments onto a Neighbor’s Property – This may require a legal agreement between homeowners.

  • Non-Compliant Structures – If a garage, fence, or deck violates bylaws, you may need to apply for a variance or remove/modify the structure.

  • Missing Compliance Stamp – Without a municipal compliance stamp from the City of Calgary, the RPR will not be accepted by buyers or their lawyers.

A Real Property Report is an essential document when selling a home in Calgary. Ensuring you have a current and compliant RPR can prevent last-minute issues, protect both parties, and streamline the transaction process. If you’re planning to sell, check your RPR early and update it if necessary.

Have questions about your RPR? Give me a shout.

 

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Downsize or Age in Place? Making the Right Choice for Your Golden Years

As we get older, we start thinking more about how and where we want to spend our later years. One of the biggest questions many retirees face is whether to downsize to a smaller home or age in place. Both options have their pros and cons, and the right choice depends on individual needs, financial considerations, and lifestyle preferences.

The Case for Downsizing

Downsizing involves moving to a smaller, more manageable home, often with lower maintenance costs and fewer responsibilities. Sometimes it is within a retirement style community, enjoying connections with others at the same life stages. Here are some reasons why downsizing might be the right choice:

Financial Benefits

  • Lower Monthly Expenses: A smaller home generally means lower utility bills, property taxes, and insurance costs.

  • Profit from Home Equity: Selling a larger home can provide financial security, allowing you to invest, travel, or enjoy retirement without financial stress.

  • Fewer Maintenance Costs: With a smaller home or a condo, you may reduce or eliminate the need for costly repairs and upkeep.

Lifestyle and Practicality

  • Less Home to Maintain: A smaller space requires less cleaning and upkeep, making life easier and more convenient.

  • Less Yard to Maintain: A smaller space requires less physical work, it may just be time to lighten the load – this truly depends on whether yard work brings enjoyment or not.

  • Better Accessibility: Many downsized homes and outdoor spaces, especially senior communities, are designed with accessibility in mind.

  • Closer to Family or Services: Moving closer to family, healthcare facilities, or entertainment hubs can improve your quality of life.

The Case for Aging in Place

Aging in place means staying in your current home while making modifications to accommodate changing needs. Here’s why this option might be appealing:

Familiarity and Comfort

  • Emotional Connection: Many people prefer to stay in the home they love, filled with memories and sentimental value.

  • Established Community: Remaining in a familiar neighborhood helps maintain social connections and a sense of belonging.

  • Less Stress of Moving: Moving can be overwhelming and emotional, while staying put allows for continuity and stability.

Modifications and Support

  • Home Modifications: Simple updates like grab bars, stairlifts, and walk-in showers can make a home safer and more accessible.

  • In-Home Assistance: Hiring caregivers or using smart home technology can help with daily tasks and health monitoring.

  • Yard maintenance and snow removal services: Hiring maintenance crews may be a lot less than a monthly condo fee.

  • Financial Considerations: While home modifications can be costly, they may still be less expensive than purchasing a new property.

Key Factors to Consider

  1. Health and Mobility: If mobility is becoming a challenge, consider whether your current home can be adapted or if a new, more accessible home is a better choice.

  2. Financial Situation: Compare the costs of moving versus modifying your home and determine what makes the most financial sense.

  3. Social and Emotional Well-being: Will downsizing bring you closer to loved ones, or will staying in place offer greater peace of mind? Many downsizing options provide fantastic community connection opportunities.

  4. Long-Term Plans: Consider how your needs may change over the next 10-20 years and choose the option that aligns best with your future.

Deciding whether to downsize or age in place is a deeply personal decision that depends on various factors. Take time to evaluate your priorities, seek advice from financial and real estate professionals, and involve family members in the discussion. I am more than happy to have a conversation about what is best for you.

Whether you choose to move to a smaller home or stay where you are, the most important thing is ensuring a safe, comfortable, and fulfilling retirement lifestyle.

Adult living complexes     Condo living    Small Towns around Calgary

Mortgage Calculator     Home Evaluation

 

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Renting vs. Buying in the Calgary Real Estate Market: Which is Right for You?

Deciding whether to rent or buy a home is one of the biggest financial choices you'll make. The Calgary real estate market offers both opportunities and challenges for renters and buyers alike. To help you make an informed decision, let's break down the key factors of renting versus buying in Calgary.

1. Understanding the Calgary Real Estate Market

Calgary's housing market is known for its fluctuations, influenced by economic conditions, interest rates, and housing supply. Recently, home prices have risen, while rental rates have also increased due to higher demand. Whether you choose to rent or buy depends on your financial situation, long-term goals, and market conditions.

2. The Pros & Cons of Renting

Pros:

  • Flexibility – Renting allows you to move easily if job opportunities or lifestyle changes arise, depending on the length of lease signed.

  • Lower Upfront Costs – No need for a large down payment, just a security deposit and first month’s rent.

  • Less Maintenance Responsibility – Landlords handle property repairs and maintenance.

  • Access to Prime Locations – Renting can allow you to live in desirable neighborhoods where buying may be unaffordable.

Cons:

  • No Equity Building – Your monthly rent doesn’t contribute to homeownership (can you put a maintenance amount into a savings each month – giving you the freedom to purchase in the future if you decide to and the discipline to maintain a maintenance fund for a future property).

  • Rent Increases – Landlords can increase rent over time, making it less predictable.

  • Limited Personalization – You may have restrictions on renovations and decorating.

  • Lack of control – Landlords can be forced into a situation where they need to sell the property.

3. The Pros & Cons of Buying

Pros:

  • Building Equity – Your mortgage payments contribute to homeownership rather than paying a landlord.

  • Stability & Predictability – Fixed mortgage rates provide consistent monthly payments. Control over whether you sell or stay (or rent the property out).

  • Freedom to Customize – You can renovate, paint, and personalize your home.

  • Potential for Appreciation – Over time, home values in Calgary tend to increase, growing your investment long term.

Cons:

  • High Upfront Costs – A down payment (typically 5–20%) and closing costs can be significant.

  • Maintenance & Repairs – Homeowners are responsible for ongoing maintenance and unexpected repairs.

  • Market Risk – Home values can fluctuate, impacting your investment.

 

4. Financial Considerations: Renting vs. Buying

Factor

Renting

Buying

Monthly Costs

Rent payments

Mortgage payments, property taxes, insurance, maintenance

Upfront Costs

Security deposit, first month’s rent

Down payment, closing costs, legal fees

Long-Term Investment

No return on rent paid

Builds equity and potential appreciation

Maintenance Responsibility

Landlord

Homeowner (see condo vs house blog)

Flexibility

Easy to move (depending on the length of lease that is signed)

More commitment and harder to relocate (depends on the market)

 

5. When Does Buying Make More Sense?

Buying may be the right choice if:

  • You have stable employment and can afford mortgage payments.

  • You have saved for a down payment and closing costs. Check out this mortgage calculator. 

  • You want to build long-term wealth through home equity.

6. When Is Renting a Better Option?

Renting might be better if:

  • You are new to Calgary and unsure about long-term plans.

  • You don’t have enough savings for a down payment and homeownership costs.

  • You prefer to avoid the responsibilities of property maintenance (however a condo style might be the answer if this is the only reason).

Final Thoughts

The decision to rent or buy in Calgary depends on your financial situation, lifestyle preferences, and long-term goals. If you're uncertain, consulting with a financial advisor or real estate professional can help determine the best path for your situation. Whether you choose to rent or buy, Calgary offers diverse housing options to fit your needs. With years of experience in condos, townhomes, single family homes, I am here and would love to chat about your situation and answer any questions you may have.

 

Call or text Chris at 403-585-5362

Email chrismarshallrealtor@gmail.com

 

Condo vs Townhouse vs House

Starter homes

Homes with secondary suites

Fixer Upper homes 

 

 

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How to Make Your Home More Energy-Efficient & Save Money

Making your home more energy-efficient isn’t just good for the environment—it can also save you money on utility bills. Whether you’re looking to make small changes or invest in major upgrades, there are plenty of ways to reduce energy waste and improve your home’s efficiency. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you get started.

Why Energy Efficiency Matters

Improving your home’s energy efficiency can lead to:

  • Lower Utility Bills – Using less energy means spending less money on electricity, heating, and cooling.

  • Increased Home Value – Energy-efficient upgrades can boost your home’s resale value.

  • Enhanced Comfort – Efficient homes maintain stable temperatures and improved indoor air quality.

Energy Efficient Home

1. Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Appliances

Older appliances consume significantly more energy than their modern counterparts. Consider upgrading to:

  • ENERGY STAR-Certified Refrigerators, Dishwashers, and Washing Machines – These appliances use less energy and water, saving you money in the long run. Dryers are a major consumer of energy – consider hanging laundry to dry.

  • Energy-Efficient HVAC Systems – A modern heating and cooling system can dramatically reduce energy use.

  • Smart Thermostats – Devices like Nest or Ecobee optimize your heating and cooling based on usage patterns.

Energy Efficient Home

2. Improve Your Home’s Insulation

Proper insulation prevents heat from escaping in winter and keeps cool air in during summer. Focus on:

  • Attic Insulation – Heat rises, so a well-insulated attic can reduce heating costs.

  • Wall Insulation – Insulated walls help maintain a stable indoor temperature.

  • Weather Stripping and Sealing Gaps – Seal doors, windows, and other openings to prevent drafts.

3. Use Energy-Efficient Lighting

Switching to LED bulbs is one of the easiest and most cost-effective ways to reduce energy consumption. Benefits include:

  • Lower Energy Use – They consume up to 75% less energy.

  • Cooler Operation – LEDs generate less heat, reducing the strain on air conditioning systems. This is important for pot-style lighting, as heat goes directly into the attic (can lead to ice damns in the winter).

4. Optimize Your Heating & Cooling System

Heating and cooling account for a large portion of home energy use. Maximize efficiency by:

  • Changing Air Filters Regularly – A clogged filter makes your system work harder.

  • Installing a Smart Thermostat – Automatically adjusts temperatures based on your schedule.

  • Using Ceiling Fans – Helps distribute air more efficiently, reducing reliance on HVAC systems.

  • Scheduling Regular HVAC Maintenance – Ensures your system runs efficiently year-round.

Energy Efficient Home

5. Harness Renewable Energy Sources

Consider investing in renewable energy for long-term savings:

  • Solar Panels – Generate your own electricity and take advantage of tax credits.

  • Geothermal Heating & Cooling – Uses the Earth’s natural temperature for efficient climate control.

  • Trees – Trees provide shade in the summer and wind protection in the winter.

6. Reduce Water Consumption

Conserving water also reduces the energy needed for heating and distribution. Easy ways to cut down include:

  • Low-Flow Showerheads & Faucets – Reduce water use without sacrificing pressure.

  • Fixing Leaks – Even a small drip can waste gallons of water over time. Toilets can be an un-noticeable culprit.

  • Using Cold Water for Laundry – Saves energy used to heat water.

7. Make Smart Use of Natural Light

Maximizing natural light reduces the need for artificial lighting:

  • Open Curtains & Blinds – Let sunlight in during the day to brighten and warm rooms naturally.

  • Use Light-Colored Paint – Reflects light, making spaces appear brighter without additional lighting.

  • Install Skylights – A great way to increase natural light in darker areas of your home.

8. Unplug Devices When Not in Use

Many electronics consume power even when turned off. Combat energy “vampires” by:

  • Unplugging Chargers & Electronics – When not in use, they still draw power.

  • Using Smart Power Strips – Automatically cut off power to unused devices.

9. Upgrade Windows & Doors

Older windows and doors often let in drafts, making your HVAC system work harder. Consider:

  • Double-Pane Windows – Reduce heat transfer and improve insulation.

  • Energy-Efficient Doors – Help prevent heat loss in winter and keep heat out in summer.

  • Window Treatments – Thermal curtains or shades help maintain indoor temperatures.

Energy Efficient Home

10. Conduct a Home Energy Audit

A professional energy audit can identify specific areas where your home is wasting energy. During an audit, experts will:

  • Use infrared cameras to detect leaks and insulation gaps.

  • Check appliances and lighting for efficiency.

  • Provide customized recommendations for improvement.

Final Thoughts

Making your home more energy-efficient doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Start with small changes like switching to LED bulbs and sealing drafts, then work your way up to larger upgrades like insulation and newer appliances. Over time, these adjustments will lead to substantial energy savings and a more comfortable, eco-friendly home.

By taking action today, you can lower your energy bills, add value to your home, and create a more comfortable home.

 

 

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FEBRUARY 2025 CALGARY AND REGION REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORTS

🏘In February, Calgary’s housing market saw a significant year-over-year increase in inventory, with the most notable growth in homes under $500,000, particularly apartments and townhouses.
📈Despite this surge, sales declined from last year, though they remained above historical averages. We are seeing a shift away from the strong seller’s market of recent years.
📈With an unadjusted benchmark price of $587,600—only 1% higher year-over-year—price growth has slowed, welcome numbers for buyers new to the market.

Note: February 2024 had 29 days, February 2025 had 28 days - this affects the number of sales recorded.

Data sourced from Calgary Real Estate Board.

Any questions about real estate, give me a call,
📱403-585-5362

February 2025 CREB Calgary Real Estate Full Report

February 2025 CREB Calgary REGION Real Estate Full Report

#calgaryrealestatemarket
#calgaryrealestate
#calgaryhomes
#housing

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Data is supplied by Pillar 9™ MLS® System. Pillar 9™ is the owner of the copyright in its MLS®System. Data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by Pillar 9™.
The trademarks MLS®, Multiple Listing Service® and the associated logos are owned by The Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) and identify the quality of services provided by real estate professionals who are members of CREA. Used under license.